John was an able administrator interested in law and government but heneither trusted others nor was trusted by them. Heavy taxation,disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209)and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made himunpopular. Many of his barons rebelled, and in June 1215 they forced KingJohn to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms.
This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, definedfeudal obligations between the King and the barons, and guaranteed anumber of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom ofthe Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; theneed to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjusttaxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of themachinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and therequirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The mostimportant clauses established the basis of habeas corpus (''you have thebody''), i.e. that no one shall be imprisoned except by due process oflaw, and that ''to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delayright or justice''.
The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure thatthe Sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him ifhe did not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting thatthe Sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people, and thatthe rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes ofthe sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles,Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects ofEnglish law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of theEnglish people.As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and therebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in1216 England was in the grip of civil war. [Royal]
GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as John, King of England
This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, definedfeudal obligations between the King and the barons, and guaranteed anumber of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom ofthe Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; theneed to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjusttaxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of themachinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and therequirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The mostimportant clauses established the basis of habeas corpus (''you have thebody''), i.e. that no one shall be imprisoned except by due process oflaw, and that ''to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delayright or justice''.
The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure thatthe Sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him ifhe did not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting thatthe Sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people, and thatthe rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes ofthe sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles,Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects ofEnglish law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of theEnglish people.As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and therebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in1216 England was in the grip of civil war. [Royal]
GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as John, King of England
- 24 DEC 1167 - Birth - ; Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England
- 19 OCT 1216 - Death - ; Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England
- From 1199 to 1216 - Reign - King of the English
- 27 MAY 1199 - Crowned - King of England ; Westminster Abbey
- 1209 - Excommunicated -
- 1215 - Magna Carta -
PARENT (M) Henry II of England | |||
Birth | 5 MAR 1133 | Le Mans, France | |
Death | 6 JUL 1189 | Chinon, France | |
Marriage | to Ida de Tosny | ||
Marriage | 18 MAY 1152 | to Eleanor of Aquitaine at Poitiers, France | |
Father | Geoffrey Plantagenet | ||
Mother | Matilda of England | ||
PARENT (F) Eleanor of Aquitaine | |||
Birth | |||
Death | |||
Marriage | 18 MAY 1152 | to Henry II of England at Poitiers, France | |
Father | William X, Duke of Aquitaine | ||
Mother | Aenor de Châtellerault | ||
CHILDREN | |||
M | John of England | ||
Birth | 24 DEC 1167 | Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England | |
Death | 19 OCT 1216 | Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England | |
Marriage | to Clemence | ||
Marriage | 24 AUG 1200 | to Isabella of Angoulême | |
Marriage | 29 AUG 1189 | to Isabel of Gloucester at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England | |
Marriage | mistress | to Ela de Warenne | |
F | Eleanor of England | ||
Birth | |||
Death | |||
Marriage | BEF 17 SEP 1177 | to Alfonso VIII of Castile at Burgos |
PARENT (M) John of England | |||
Birth | 24 DEC 1167 | Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England | |
Death | 19 OCT 1216 | Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England | |
Marriage | to Clemence | ||
Marriage | 24 AUG 1200 | to Isabella of Angoulême | |
Marriage | 29 AUG 1189 | to Isabel of Gloucester at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England | |
Marriage | mistress | to Ela de Warenne | |
Father | Henry II of England | ||
Mother | Eleanor of Aquitaine | ||
PARENT (F) Clemence | |||
Birth | |||
Death | |||
Marriage | to John of England | ||
Father | ? | ||
Mother | ? | ||
CHILDREN |
PARENT (M) John of England | |||
Birth | 24 DEC 1167 | Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England | |
Death | 19 OCT 1216 | Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England | |
Marriage | to Clemence | ||
Marriage | 24 AUG 1200 | to Isabella of Angoulême | |
Marriage | 29 AUG 1189 | to Isabel of Gloucester at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England | |
Marriage | mistress | to Ela de Warenne | |
Father | Henry II of England | ||
Mother | Eleanor of Aquitaine | ||
PARENT (F) Isabella of Angoulême | |||
Birth | 1188 | ||
Death | 31 MAY 1246 | Fontevraud Abbey, France | |
Marriage | 24 AUG 1200 | to John of England | |
Marriage | to Hugh X of Lusignan | ||
Father | Aymer of Angoulême | ||
Mother | Alice of Courtenay | ||
CHILDREN | |||
M | Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall | ||
Birth | |||
Death | |||
Marriage | to Isabel Marshal | ||
M | Henry III | ||
Birth | 1 OCT 1207 | Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England | |
Death | 16 NOV 1272 | Westminster, London, England | |
Marriage | 14 JAN 1236 | to Eleanor of Provence at Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England |
PARENT (M) John of England | |||
Birth | 24 DEC 1167 | Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England | |
Death | 19 OCT 1216 | Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England | |
Marriage | to Clemence | ||
Marriage | 24 AUG 1200 | to Isabella of Angoulême | |
Marriage | 29 AUG 1189 | to Isabel of Gloucester at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England | |
Marriage | mistress | to Ela de Warenne | |
Father | Henry II of England | ||
Mother | Eleanor of Aquitaine | ||
PARENT (F) Isabel of Gloucester | |||
Birth | 1173 | ||
Death | 14 OCT 1217 | ||
Marriage | 29 AUG 1189 | to John of England at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England | |
Father | ? | ||
Mother | ? | ||
CHILDREN |
PARENT (M) John of England | |||
Birth | 24 DEC 1167 | Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England | |
Death | 19 OCT 1216 | Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England | |
Marriage | to Clemence | ||
Marriage | 24 AUG 1200 | to Isabella of Angoulême | |
Marriage | 29 AUG 1189 | to Isabel of Gloucester at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England | |
Marriage | mistress | to Ela de Warenne | |
Father | Henry II of England | ||
Mother | Eleanor of Aquitaine | ||
PARENT (F) Ela de Warenne | |||
Birth | |||
Death | |||
Marriage | to Robert de Newburn | ||
Marriage | to William fitz William of Sprotborough | ||
Marriage | mistress | to John of England | |
Father | Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey | ||
Mother | Isabel de Warenne | ||
CHILDREN | |||
M | Richard FitzRoy | ||
Birth | ABT 1190 | ||
Death | JUN 1246 | ||
Marriage | BEF 11 MAY 1214 | to Rose de Dover |
[S240] | Official Web Site of the British Monarchy, The |
1 John of England b: 24 DEC 1167 d: 19 OCT 1216
+ Clemence
+ Isabella of Angoulême b: 1188 d: 31 MAY 1246
2 Henry III b: 1 OCT 1207 d: 16 NOV 1272
3 Edward I b: 17 JUN 1239 d: 7 JUL 1307
+ Eleanor of Castile b: ABT 1245 d: 1290
4 Edward II b: 25 APR 1284 d: 21 SEP 1327
5 Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
6 John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
+ Blanche
7 Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
+ ?
+ ?
+ Isabel of Gloucester b: 1173 d: 14 OCT 1217
2 Richard FitzRoy b: ABT 1190 d: JUN 1246
3 Isabel de Dover d: 7/07 JUL 1276/1277
+ Maurice de Berkeley b: 1218 d: 4 APR 1281
4 Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley b: 1245 d: 23 JUL 1321
+ Joan de Ferrers d: 19 MAR 1309
6 Maurice de Berkeley d: 12/12 FEB 1346/1347
+ Margery de Vere d: 21 MAY 1351
7 Thomas de Berkeley b: ABT 1334 d: BEF 29 SEP 1361
+ Katherine Botetourt d: 22/22 JAN 1387/1388
8 Maurice Berkeley b: 1 JUN 1358 d: 2 OCT 1400
+ Joan Dinham d: 22 AUG 1412
9 Maurice Berkeley b: 2/02 FEB 1400/1401 d: 26 NOV 1464
10 William Berkeley b: ABT 1436 d: 1501
+ Anne Stafford d: 1503