, Henry Ii Of England

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Henry II of England
b: 5 MAR 1133
d: 6 JUL 1189
Biography
Henry II, the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Henry I''s daughter Matilda,was the first in a long line of 14 Plantagenet kings, stretching fromHenry II''s accession through to Richard III''s death in 1485. Within thatline, however, four distinct Royal Houses can be identified: Angevin,Plantagenet, Lancaster and York.
The first Angevin King, Henry II, began the period as arguably the mostpowerful monarch in Europe, with lands stretching from the Scottishborders to the Pyrenees. In addition, Ireland was added to hisinheritance, a mission entrusted to him by Pope Adrian IV (the onlyEnglish Pope). A new administrative zeal was evident at the beginningof the period and an efficient system of government was formulated. Thejustice system developed. However there were quarrels with the Church,which became more powerful following the murder of Thomas à Becket.
As with many of his predecessors, Henry II spent much of his time awayfrom England fighting abroad. This was taken to an extreme by his sonRichard, who spent only 10 months of a ten-year reign in the country dueto his involvement in the crusades. The last of the Angevin kings wasJohn, whom history has judged harshly. By 1205, six years into his reign,only a fragment of the vast Angevin empire acquired by Henry II remained.John quarrelled with the Pope over the appointment of the Archbishop ofCanterbury, eventually surrendering. He was also forced to sign theMagna Carta in 1215, which restated the rights of the church, the baronsand all in the land. John died in ignominy, having broken the contract,leading the nobles to summon aid from France and creating a precariousposition for his Plantagenet heir, Henry III. [Royal]

Henry II ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border tothe Pyrenees. One of the strongest, most energetic and imaginativerulers, Henry was the inheritor of three dynasties who had acquiredAquitaine by marriage; his charters listed them: ''King of the English,Duke of the Normans and Aquitanians and Count of the Angevins''. TheKing spent only 13 years of his reign in England; the other 21 years werespent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. Henry''s rapid movements in carrying out his dynastic responsibilitiesastonished the French king, who noted ''now in England, now in Normandy,he must fly rather than travel by horse or ship''.
By 1158, Henry had restored to the Crown some of the lands and royalpower lost by Stephen; Malcom IV of Scotland was compelled to return thenorthern counties. Locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royallyappointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes inthe counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry madeuse of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) onregular tours of the country to try cases for the Crown. His legalreforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law.
Henry''s disagreements with the Archbishop of Canterbury (the king''sformer chief adviser), Thomas à Becket, over Church-State relations endedin Becket''s murder in 1170 and a papal interdict on England. Familydisputes over territorial ambitions almost wrecked the king''sachievements. Henry died in France in 1189, at war with his son Richard,who had joined forces with King Philip of France to attack Normandy.[Royal]

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry II of England
Facts
  • 5 MAR 1133 - Birth - ; Le Mans, France
  • 6 JUL 1189 - Death - ; Chinon, France
  • From 1154 to 1189 - Reign - King of the English
  • 1215 - Magna Carta -
  • Nobility Title - King of the English
  • Nobility Title - Duke of the Normans and Aquitanians
  • Nobility Title - Count of the Angevins
Ancestors
   
 
   
  
  
 
Henry II of England
5 MAR 1133 - 6 JUL 1189
  
 
  
Henry I of England
- 1 DEC 1135
 
   
  
  
 
Family Group Sheet - Child
PARENT (M) Geoffrey Plantagenet
Birth
Death
Marriageunknown mistressto ?
Marriageto Matilda of England
FatherFulk V of Anjou
MotherErmengarde of Maine
PARENT (F) Matilda of England
Birth
Death
Marriageto Henry V
Marriageto Geoffrey Plantagenet
FatherHenry I of England
MotherEadgith (or Matilda)
CHILDREN
MHenry II of England
Birth5 MAR 1133Le Mans, France
Death6 JUL 1189Chinon, France
Marriageto Ida de Tosny
Marriage18 MAY 1152to Eleanor of Aquitaine at Poitiers, France
Family Group Sheet - Spouse
PARENT (M) Henry II of England
Birth5 MAR 1133Le Mans, France
Death6 JUL 1189 Chinon, France
Marriageto Ida de Tosny
Marriage18 MAY 1152to Eleanor of Aquitaine at Poitiers, France
FatherGeoffrey Plantagenet
MotherMatilda of England
PARENT (F) Ida de Tosny
Birth
Death
Marriageto Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk
Marriageto Henry II of England
FatherRalph V de Tosny
MotherMargaret de Beaumont
CHILDREN
Family Group Sheet - Spouse
PARENT (M) Henry II of England
Birth5 MAR 1133Le Mans, France
Death6 JUL 1189 Chinon, France
Marriageto Ida de Tosny
Marriage18 MAY 1152to Eleanor of Aquitaine at Poitiers, France
FatherGeoffrey Plantagenet
MotherMatilda of England
PARENT (F) Eleanor of Aquitaine
Birth
Death
Marriage18 MAY 1152to Henry II of England at Poitiers, France
FatherWilliam X, Duke of Aquitaine
MotherAenor de Châtellerault
CHILDREN
MJohn of England
Birth24 DEC 1167Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England
Death19 OCT 1216Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England
Marriageto Clemence
Marriage24 AUG 1200to Isabella of Angoulême
Marriage29 AUG 1189to Isabel of Gloucester at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England
Marriagemistressto Ela de Warenne
FEleanor of England
Birth
Death
MarriageBEF 17 SEP 1177to Alfonso VIII of Castile at Burgos
Evidence
[S240]Official Web Site of the British Monarchy, The
Descendancy Chart
Henry II of England b: 5 MAR 1133 d: 6 JUL 1189
John of England b: 24 DEC 1167 d: 19 OCT 1216
Isabella of Angoulême b: 1188 d: 31 MAY 1246
Henry III b: 1 OCT 1207 d: 16 NOV 1272
Edward I b: 17 JUN 1239 d: 7 JUL 1307
Eleanor of Castile b: ABT 1245 d: 1290
Edward II b: 25 APR 1284 d: 21 SEP 1327
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
?
?
Isabel of Gloucester b: 1173 d: 14 OCT 1217
Richard FitzRoy b: ABT 1190 d: JUN 1246
Isabel de Dover d: 7/07 JUL 1276/1277
Maurice de Berkeley b: 1218 d: 4 APR 1281
Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley b: 1245 d: 23 JUL 1321
Joan de Ferrers d: 19 MAR 1309
Maurice de Berkeley d: 12/12 FEB 1346/1347
Margery de Vere d: 21 MAY 1351
Thomas de Berkeley b: ABT 1334 d: BEF 29 SEP 1361
Katherine Botetourt d: 22/22 JAN 1387/1388
Maurice Berkeley b: 1 JUN 1358 d: 2 OCT 1400
Joan Dinham d: 22 AUG 1412
10 Maurice Berkeley b: 2/02 FEB 1400/1401 d: 26 NOV 1464
Alfonso VIII of Castile b: 11 NOV 1155 d: 5 OCT 1214
Alfonso IX of León b: 15 AUG 1171 d: 23/24 SEP 1230
Eleanor of Castile b: ABT 1245 d: 1290
Edward I b: 17 JUN 1239 d: 7 JUL 1307
Edward II b: 25 APR 1284 d: 21 SEP 1327
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
10 Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
Edward II b: 25 APR 1284 d: 21 SEP 1327
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
10 Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
10 Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
Edward II b: 25 APR 1284 d: 21 SEP 1327
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
10 Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
Marie of Brabant, Queen of France b: 13 MAY 1254 d: 12 JAN 1321
Edward I b: 17 JUN 1239 d: 7 JUL 1307
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447
Edward II b: 25 APR 1284 d: 21 SEP 1327
Edward III b: 13 NOV 1312 d: 21 JUN 1377
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster b: 6 MAR 1340 d: 3 FEB 1399
Henry Beaufort b: ABT 1375 d: 11 APR 1447